![]() Naval battles to keep shipping lanes open for combatant's movement of troops, guns, ammunition, tanks, warships, aircraft, raw materials, and food largely determined the outcome of land battles. Naval historians such as Evan Mawdsley, Richard Overy, and Craig Symonds concluded that World War II's decisive victories on land could not have been won without decisive victories at sea. Later in the war small escort carriers built on civilian cargo hulls took over convoy protection. Offensive operations began with the Norwegian campaign where British carriers supported the fighting on land.Ĭarriers were important to the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre where they were used to resupply Malta's aircraft and so keep it viable in preventing resupply of Axis forces in North Africa. Aircraft carriers were used from the start of the war in Europe looking for German merchant raiders and escorting convoys. World War II was the first war where naval aviation took a major part in the hostilities. ![]() Main article: Aircraft carrier operations during World War II ![]()
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